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How PV works
Orientation, Pitch and Shading
For optimal performance of the photovoltaic array it should face between south-east and south-west, at an elevation of about 30-40°. However, in the UK even flat roofs receive 90% of the energy of an optimum pitched system.
It is important to ensure that your PV system will not be shaded during the day. Avoid placing the array where there will be significant shading from surrounding buildings or trees, since this will decrease the output from the system.
Although generally installed on a roof, PV systems can be installed on any south facing elevation it can also be used for solar shading or as a rain screen on a building wall – this is particularly suitable for prestige buildings.
AC outputs in kWh/KWp
Effect of Orientation and Pitch on Array Performance (% of ideal).
| Vert | 80 | 70 | 60 | 50 | 40 | 30 | 20 | 10 | Horiz | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| East | 58 | 65 | 70 | 76 | 80 | 84 | 86 | 88 | 90 | 90 |
| SE | 69 | 77 | 84 | 89 | 93 | 96 | 96 | 96 | 94 | 90 |
| South | 71 | 80 | 87 | 93 | 97 | 100 | 100 | 98 | 96 | 90 |
| SW | 67 | 75 | 82 | 87 | 92 | 95 | 96 | 96 | 94 | 90 |
| West | 56 | 63 | 69 | 74 | 78 | 82 | 86 | 87 | 89 | 90 |
Solar Irradiance
Average annual solar radiation (kWh/m²/day)
for
Great Britain and Ireland.
Planning
The majority of buildings will not require planning permission for the installation of PV systems. If however the building is in a conservation area or is a listed building you may need to apply for full planning permission. Kingspan recommend checking with your local council to ascertain the planning requirement for your specific project / building.