How PV works

Overview

A Photovoltaic Cell (PV) is a semi-conductor device which converts solar energy into electricity.
There are two main types of PV Cell:

• Crystalline PV - Monocrystalline or Polycrystalline
• Thin film PV – Amorphous Silicon, CIGS, CDTE, Dye Sensitised or Organic

Modules, Strings & Arrays

• Multiple PV Cells are interconnected and encapsulated to produce a PV Module.
• Modules are connected in series to form a string, (Series connections increase system voltage).
• A PV array is made up of modules connected in series and parallel, (Parallel connections increase the current in the system).

Inverters

An inverter is used to convert the generated DC electricity from the PV array to alternating current for use on site or for exporting to the grid.

• Stand alone inverters are used for off grid systems.
• Grid tie inverters are used when the installation is connected to a utility supply. The grid tie inverter also synchronises the PV generator with the grid.